Electric Vehicle Deep Cycle Batteries

By Xzen Dor

Converting a vehicle (car/truck) from gas power to electric power requires that three primary things be considered if you're to have an electric vehicle that provides good performance in speed and range as compared to an gas powered vehicle of similar weight and size.

1) The vehicles power source must be able to move the weight mass of the vehicle at speed for the desired range
2) The vehicles electric Drive Motor must be powerful enough to deliver the the energy to the drive drain of the vehicle for the speed and desired drive range for both city and highway driving.
3) The batteries that form your power source must be of the right type for maximum performance and maximum operational life.

Gas and diesel powered vehicles need a battery to start the vehicle engine and this battery is designed to supply high currents for short periods of time. After the engine starts the battery is immediately recharged by the alternator.

For an electric vehicle the battery must provide sustained long term high currents for the duration of the vehicles travel destination. There is no recharging of the vehicles battery until the vehicle is turned off and recharged with a charger (unless the electric vehicle uses an AC Motor and a Regenerative Circuit to recharge the batteries during braking).

Since a standard car/truck battery is designed for Short Term - High Current Output the materials within the battery will begin to break down fairly rapidly if this standard battery were used to power an electric vehicle through a process known as Positive Grid Corrosion. When current is transferred to the load (DC Motor), the positive plate of the battery is eaten away over time. How fast this plate deteriorates is based on the thickness of the positive plate. As a result a standard car battery would be rendered useless in just a few months. To circumvent this short coming specially designed batteries called deep cycle batteries have been designed specifically for electric vehicles.

A Deep Cycle battery differs from a standard car battery in the plate design. Unlike regular car batteries whose lead plates are made up of many thin like lead sponge plates (which generate high amperage or current for short periods of time). The plates of a Deep Cycle battery are solid and much thicker. While standard car batteries have a plate thickness of 0.04", a Deep Cycle battery can have a plate thickness exceeding 0.25". This difference in design allows the battery to output a sustained high output current (note: the output current is lower than that of a standard car battery) without premature battery failure; which for a standard car battery would be several months.

There are three types of Deep Cycle batteries available for use with electric vehicles.
These Deep Cycle battery types are:
1)Flooded
2)Gelled Electrolyte
3)Absorbed Glass Mat or AGM

Here is a brief explanation of each battery type:

Flooded Deep Cycle batteries share many of the characteristics of standard car batteries except for the thickness of lead plates which make up the battery, which does not make quite suitable for electric vehicle use - at least not for the top speed and range required in replacing a gas powered vehicle.

Gelled Electrolyte Deep Cycle batteries are a combined Acid/Silica mix which forms a gelatin matrix. The advantages of this type of battery good high temperature tolerance, minimal battery damage with partial recharging, spill proof electrolyte even if the battery is broken, hermetically sealed enclosure do not vent gas under normal use. Some disadvantages are poor high voltage tolerance, battery must be charged at slower rate to prevent excess gas from damaging the battery cells, battery can not be fast charged with a standard automotive charger.

Absorbed Glass Mat batteries use a Boron-Silicate Glass Mat that is placed in between the lead plates of the battery, this makes the electrolyte spill proof even if the battery case is broken. AGM batteries also exhibits many of the advantages of the Gel Deep Cycle battery including the ability to withstand high voltage charging, they are resistant to freezing damage, they use a gas phase transfer process to recombine oxygen & hydrogen inside the battery which reduces water loss to under 1%. AGM batteries have extremely low internal resistance, practically no heating under load or when charging, and no charge/discharge current limits (for most AGM batteries).

Deep Cycle batteries are rated in a measure of unit called Amp-Hours or AH this is a measure of the output current per hour. Therefore if a battery is rated at 10-AH it will supply 10A over 1HR or 1A over 10Hrs.

The standard Amp-Hour rating used for Deep Cycle batteries is the 20 Hour Rate, and is based on discharging a 12V battery down to 10.5V over 20 Hours and measuring the actual Amp-Hours the battery supplies.

Though all three types of batteries Flooded, Gelled Electrolyte and Absorbed Glass Mat can be used for electric vehicles, Gelled Electrolyte and Absorbed Glass Mat offer the best performance and longest battery life. Gelled Electrolyte is much cheaper than Absorbed Glass Mat since AGM batteries carry a premium of up to 3x the cost of standard Deep Cycle Batteries.

Download a Free Special Report on Electric Vehicle Conversions and learn how to get started with a gas to electric vehicle conversion, including finding a vehicle and obtaining free batteries and motors.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Xzen_Dor

Cell Phone Accessories, Part One

By Jeanette Pollock

Using your cell phone is as simple as it gets, but there are some items on the market that can still improve the performance of your phone. Some of these accessories are necessary to get the most out of your phone; some are not. Depending on the functions that you want your phone to fill, you will probably need to get a variety of accessories.

Here is a short list of some cell phone accessories:

Cellular Battery. This is the lifeline of your cell phone. Your cell battery is what powers the phone, allowing you to use it even if it is not plugged into an electric outlet. One cell battery usually comes with a phone, whenever you purchase the latter.

Battery Performance Enhancer. This is usually a small chip or device that is attached to the cell battery. When in place, it improves the longevity of the battery, allowing you to use your phone for a longer period of time without having to recharge.

AC Charger. Unless you want to buy a new battery every few days, an AC charger is a must for you. You plug in an AC charger in an electric outlet and it recharges your cell battery.

Car Charger. If you travel a good deal using your car, a car charger is a good accessory for you. This item allows you to charge up your phone even when you’re on the road, which means that you don’t have to wait until you’re home so you can power up your cell battery.

Anti-radiation devices. Due to the possible health risk that cell phones may pose, anti-radiation shields and films were invented. Anti-radiation shields intercept radioactive waves that are emitted by your phone.

Jeanette Pollock is a freelance author and website owner of your-cell-phone.com. Visit Jeanette's site to learn more about cell phone accessories.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jeanette_Pollock

Prepare Your Ford Escape For a Summer Escapade - Use Top Quality Parts

By Jay Stevens

Taking your family or friends for a long ride with your Ford Escape—away from the busy city streets—would be a perfect way to spend the hot summer days and of course, to test this SUV’s performance. Ford Escape is an entry-level Sport Utility Vehicle, and although positioned a rank lower than the best-selling SUV, the Ford Explorer, it offers a respectable line of performance auto parts, impressive power and remarkable rugged looks. In 2004, a hybrid Escape model was launched, giving Ford the pride of introducing the first Sport Utility Vehicle to use hybrid technology. The 2004 Ford Escape Hybrid was proven to be 75% more fuel efficient than the other Ford Escape models and other SUVs as well.

You must be excited driving the Ford Escape for your adventure, but before you head for fun, make sure your vehicle is equipped with the necessary auto parts and accessories to ensure your convenience, comfort and most especially, safety. Whether you are driving a Ford Escape or not, you must do a regular checkup on your auto to ensure it’s always at its best shape and driving condition. Although built with Ford’s high quality standards, Ford Escape Parts are also subject to common car problems, especially when it is not given enough care and attention.

If you want your vehicle to work at its best, don’t let small problems pass without fixing them. They can be a big source of stress and great financial burden, too. But don’t worry because the friendliest and most comprehensive Ford Parts Discount store offers excellent quality replacement Ford Parts at very reasonable prices. Ford Parts Online now features updated inventory of the most dependable Ford performance parts, Ford body parts and even Ford accessories. If you are thinking about buying Ford Parts Used, think again. You can now buy original top quality Ford parts at exciting deals easy, fast, conveniently and securely online.

Here are some insights that can help you prepare your vehicle for a long ride and some tips on car maintenance. Replacement and aftermarket auto parts mentioned can be found at Ford Parts Online, the most experienced and trusted Ford Parts Discount store:

1. Ford Wheels are the closest to the road, so they are more prone to wear and tear. Always wash your Ford Wheels with soap and water to prevent corrosion. Likewise the tires must be properly scoured to remove deep down grime and small particles it came contact with on the road. If you notice serious problems, don’t hesitate replacing them. It’s better to spend extra amount for a new wheels rather than suffer the inconveniences of a road accident.

2. Traveling during the hottest days of the year could be wearisome if your air conditioning system isn’t working. Check the major parts of your a/c system, especially the Ford AC Condenser, which is the one in charge of cooling off the refrigerant gas that absorbed the heat from the cabin. Check if the condenser has leaks; the refrigerant gas could freeze anything it contacts and could suffocate when inhaled.

3. Check the electrical system; especially, check your Ford Alternators and test the battery. Without these two essential parts of the system, your car won’t run. Make sure your battery and the alternator are free from damages.

4. Replace busted Ford Lights. Driving without sufficient light especially at night is extremely dangerous. When driving off-road, you may need additional auto lights for added safety.

5. Lastly, don’t forget to check the engine, fuel and the fuel filter to avoid breakdowns and roadside delays. Clean filters could help you improve the vehicle’s performance and help you save on fuel expenses.

For proper maintenance of your Ford Escape Parts, you can consult the Ford car experts or Ford-trained technicians. Ask you dealer about their repair and maintenance services. Meanwhile, for your best replacement Ford Escape parts and other Ford auto parts needs, you can count on Ford Parts Online.

Jay Stevens works as a consultant for an established auto parts store in the country. He has expertise in automotive technology and has inside knowledge on the auto parts industry.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jay_Stevens

S Corporation - What Is It?

By Richard Chapo

For many small businesses, the “S” corporation is the business entity of choice. The “S” in S corporation refers to a tax designation. All corporations are created the same way under state law. A small business must then chose a tax status, to wit, “C”, “S” or non-profit. Important issues concerning S corporations are covered in this article.

C Corporation v. S Corporation

Federal tax laws automatically consider every corporation to be a “C” designation. A small business, however, may elect to be designated as an “S” corporation by filing IRS form 2553. The election must be made prior to the tax year in which it is going to be effective. All shareholders must sign the election.

A C corporation stands alone for tax purposes. It must file tax returns and pay taxes on profits. Profits and losses are reported on the corporate tax return and do not pass through to shareholders. C corporations can elect any calendar month as the end of their fiscal year.

An S corporation is a pass through entity for tax purposes. It does not file a tax return for the purpose of paying taxes, but does file information returns. All profits and losses are passed through to the shareholders. In turn, each shareholder reports the profit or loss on his or her individual tax returns in proportion to their ownership interest. For instance, if you own 30% of the total issued shares, 30% of the profits or losses must be reported on your personal tax returns. S corporations must have a fiscal year-end of December 31. If you intend to eventually take your business public, you cannot use an S corporation.

Although S corporations are a tax choice, there are limitations on what corporate entities can make the election. The biggest hurdles are:

1. There can be no more than 75 shareholders;

2. Each shareholder must be a person, not a business entity; and

3. There can be only one class of stock.

Benefits

While S corporations provide relief from the tax filings of a C corporation, there are negative aspects to using them. Simply put, a C corporation can write off more expenses. S corporations may not be able to deduct certain types of insurance and costs of doing business. The list is fairly complicated, so you should speak with a tax professional prior to deciding which designation works for your business.

S Corporation vs. Limited Liability Company

S corporations have a definite tax advantage over limited liability companies [“LLC”]. Distributions from LLCs to shareholders are subject to self-employment tax [15.2 percent] in their entirety. Distributions from S corporations, however, can be broken down into two categories, salaries and dividends. The dividend distributions are not subject to the self-employment tax. Avoiding self-employment tax can make a substantial difference in the amount of money you take home.

In Closing

I always laugh when someone emphatically says that every business should be formed as a particular entity. Such statements are simply wrong. The “best” business entity depends entirely on the nature of your business. In many instances, S corporations are ideal.

Richard Chapo, Esq., is a business lawyer with http://www.sandiegobusinesslawfirm.com - offering legal advice to San Diego businesses. This article is for general education purposes and does not address every facet of the subject matter. Nothing in this article creates an attorney-client relationship.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Richard_Chapo

Top 3 Questions to Ask Before You Buy a Mobility Car

By SP Turner

As there's such a huge range of mobility cars available now there's no longer any reason for people with mobility issues to struggle in and out of more traditional vehicles. Having access to a mobility vehicle can mean having access to freedom so people can enjoy their lives without worrying about the safety or inconvenience of travelling in unsuitable vehicles.

If you're ready to buy a mobility vehicle for yourself or for a loved one to use then this can sometimes be a substantial investment but one which can come with huge benefits. Take the time to make sure you make the right choice of vehicle by asking the questions below.

1) Can the car be adapted to your specific needs?

Everyone is unique so you may find that most cars you try out won't meet your requirements exactly. Most mobility cars can be adapted and modified to give you added comfort and safety, after all there's no point investing in a vehicle if you don't feel confident and comfortable driving it. Some cars are suited to very specific requirements and features such as doors, seat height and storage space for wheelchairs can vary from car to car. Other features to think about include whether a manual or automatic car would be more suitable and what extra adaptations you might need such as a left foot accelerator or a swivel seat. Once you narrow your choice of vehicles down, ask a mobility company if the adaptations you require are possible and how much these will cost. You need to make sure that the car you drive away in is fully suited to your needs so you can enjoy the vehicle for many years.

2) What's your budget for your new car?

Most people have to budget when it comes to buying a new car regardless of if it's a mobility vehicle or more traditional car. When you decide on your budget find out what you can get for your money but don't forget to consider what extras you'll need such as insurance or any adaptations. When you decide on your budget you should then decide on what you definitely need from your car and what would be a nice but not a necessary feature or extra. When you view your potential cars keep these preferences in mind as there's no point considering a vehicle which is not in your budget or can't be modified to meet your requirements. Think about the long term use of your car as well as researching how energy efficient particular vehicles are. If a car isn't very efficient and is going to drink gallons of petrol then it's likely to be very expensive in the long run.

3) Can you have a test drive?

Most good car and mobility experts will allow you to test drive their vehicles. It's advisable to take the time to go for a spin in a number of cars to help you see in reality how easy they'll be to drive and how well they'll suit your requirements. Test driving mobility vehicles can also give you a clear idea of what extras or modifications you might need.

Choosing a mobility vehicle is a big decision so make sure you ask the questions above and more before you make an investment.

Mobility Cars

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=SP_Turner

Aston Martin Cars 1915 - 1972

By John Jarmola

The company was founded in 1914 by Lionel Martin and Robert Bamford. The company name was derived from the fact that Lionel Martin raced specials at the Aston Clinton hill climb.

Their first car was built in 1915 and was referred to as the Coal Scuttle.

More cars were not built until 1920.

Three more prototype cars were built, chassis number A3 was the third Aston Martin ever built and is the oldest in existence with a 1.5 litre 11 hp four cylinder side valve. In 1923 it was able to lap Brooklands at 84.5 mph.

Two Grand Prix Team cars (TT1 and TT2) were built for Count Zborowski to compete in the 1922 Isle of Man TT (although they were not ready in time) Originally featuring a engine with twin camshafts and 16 valves, the cars were then fitted with the Benson Twin Cam engines. This was designed by The Hon. John Benson as a new power unit for the cars just before Bamford and Martin called in the receivers in 1925. A total of approx 61 cars were built during this era, insufficient to save the company.

1929, The Aston Martin International was another successful racer and was followed by the Le Mans and the Ulster.

1936, The company which was now owned by Sir Arthur Sutherland, decided to concentrate on road cars.

The advent of World War II halted work, and the company languished throughout the war's duration.

1947, David Brown Ltd bought Aston Martin and Lagonda which resulted in the initials DB being used for the new models.

1948 – 1950, Aston Martin DB1.
Only 14 of these handsome convertibles were ever produced. Retrospectively known as the DB1

This Two Litre Sports was powered by a 1970cc, pushrod four cylinder engine, producing 90bhp. The car had independent front suspension and featured spare wheel compartments in the front wings. This attractive sports car was replaced in 1950 by the more successful DB2

1950 – 1953, DB2.
The first series of cars to be sold with the famous “DB” initials. The car was powered by the Twin-cam, W.O. Bentley designed Lagonda engine, developing 116bhp in standard form and 125bhp in "Vantage" guise.

A distinctive design offered in both two seater Coupe and Drophead Coupe form. Only 411 cars produced in total.
T
he Aston Martin DB3 and later DB3S were racing cars, although, they used some DB2 parts, they were quite different, being designed especially for racing.

1951 – 1953, DB3.
The DB3 was introduced with a 133 hp 2.6 L straight six engine, from the DB2 Vantage. A larger 2.9 L engine, producing 163 hp (122 kW), was introduced in 1952.

1953 – 1957, DB3S.
The DB3S was a lighter version of the DB3, two coupe versions were built.The DB3S was replaced in 1956 by the famed racing DBR1.

1957 – 1959, DB Mark III.

This was an evolution of the DB2/4 model it replaced, using the same 2.9 L (2922 cc) engine. Changes included a grille like that on the DB3S, a new instrument panel, and available Girling disc brakes. A hydraulic clutch was new as well, and optional overdrive or automatic transmission were available. Engine output was 162 hp, though an optional dual-exhaust system raised this to 178 hp. The regular car could reach 60 mph (97 km/h) in 9.3 seconds and hit 120 mph (193 km/h).

1958 – 1963, DB4.

Featured elegant coachwork designed by Touring of Milan, Italy. The handmade, aluminum bodywork panels were mounted on a steel tube frame, using the Superleggera (meaning: super light) method of construction. All round disc brakes fitted, made first by Dunlop and later on by Girling.

There were five series of the DB4, each series introduced changes and improvements to the original series one cars. Early cars have a mesh grille and simpler bumper design. Later cars are longer and consequently heavier than early cars, some late series five cars had DB5 style headlamp covers.

All DB4s were powered by a new six cylinder, all aluminum, 3670cc engine designed by Tadek Mereck, developing around 240bhp.

The DB4 offered excellent performance for the time, 140mph top speed and 0-60 in 8.5 seconds. Overdrive transmission on most cars, the gearbox was produced by Astons' owner, David Brown. A Vantage engine was also available, offering even higher power outputs.

1963 – 1965, DB5.

A total of 1021 cars were built. The bodywork is similar to the series five DB4 Saloons, although due to extra equipment the weight had risen dramatically.

The straight six, Tadek Mereck designed engine now displaced some 3995cc. All but the first DB5s had a new ZF five speed gearbox and other luxuries such as adjustable, Selectaride type Armstrong Dampers and electric windows. Standard engined cars had 282bhp, with Vantage engined cars having 314bhp, enough extra power to compensate for the cars heavier kerb weight.

As well as being produced in saloon form the DB5 was also available as a convertible, in a similar style to the DB4 Convertible. A more unusual DB5 derivative was the conversion by coachbuilder Harold Radford, the DB5 Shooting Brake, only 12 cars were produced.

1965 – 1970, DB6.

The DB6 bodywork had a new tail design, offering improved aerodynamics and also had a revised rear 1/4 windows and a higher rear roof line. Options now included power steering (on MK1 cars), air conditioning, automatic transmission, limited slip differential and a 325bhp Vantage engine option.

A convertible body style was also offered, as was the normal Aston tradition, although now called "Volante", a name still used by the company today. Early (1965-1966) DB6 Volantes had a "short chassis" body, only 37 were produced and are distinguished by a shorter tail. A handful of "Shooting Brakes" were also produced by British coachbuilder Harold Radford.

1967 – 1972, DBS and the DBS V8 Vantage.

The DBS featured an all new body, designed by William Towns (who later designed the AM Lagonda in 1976) which featured a distinctive four headlamp grille and a much squarer, more transatlantic shape than seen before on the other DB cars.

Originally designed to accept an all new V8 engine, unfortunately this was not ready in time for the cars launch, so it had to make do with the tried and tested DB6 engine. Due to the increased weight of the DBS body, performance dropped resulting in a 140mph top speed and a 0-60 time of 8 seconds. The DBS was eventually replaced by the DBS V8, although confusingly a single headlamp car known simply as a Vantage, was also produced alongside the AMV8 but featuring the straight six DBS engine.

This article was written by John Jarmola, a Consultant Food Technologist who is also an Aston Martin enthusiast and who specialises in the development of new food products. He is currently involved in a reviewing the benefits of the new "Superfood", Acai Juice, to find out more visit http://acaijuicereview.com/

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=John_Jarmola

High Gas Prices Leads Many People To Run Their Cars Using Water (As Seen On Fox News)

By Gianni Di Mattia

Gas has reached incredible prices , especially throughout North America. Right now people say gas prices are high because of so much demand and low supply , although many experts now say the oil industry has adjusted and there should be no reason for it to be so expensive and keep going up.

Although you can bet that someone was going to come out with a solution. Nope , not electric powered cars but now replacing oil is water. Yes , H20!

The world needs a new type of fuel which:

- Would last long

- Isn't expensive

- Is Easy to get

Lately big news channels have been examining this product on the internet , such as Fox News. It's using simple objects , training videos and a written guide that you download from the website so you can do it yourself easily and quickly without having to pay extra labor costs at a garage.

Not only is it cheaper but it is said to do the following ( according to the original website )

- Reduce Smog

- NOT Void your car's warranty

- Generate free energy to your car OR truck

- Boost Performance

The website explains the process as ...

"The electricity in your car will use electricity from your car's battery to separate water into a gas called HHO (2 Hydrogen + 1 Oxygen). HHO, also called Brown's Gas or Hydroxy, burns smoothly and provides significant energy - while the end product is just H2O! HHO provides the atomic power of Hydrogen, while maintaining the stability of water."

and go on to talk about it's safety...

"The process is very safe because the combustible gas is extracted as needed and burned steadily from the water, unlike larger volumes of pure hydrogen which are highly flammable."

To me that sounded like a foreign language , I knew how to change car tires and that's as far as my knowledge of automobile mechanics went( not that I' much better now ), everything is clearly explained .

I give this product 9.8/10 , easy to use , cost efficient and a product we need for today. I haven't tried it yet , although the instructions were very clear and the video helped a lot. I'll take out th .2 because....well nothing is perfect in right?

For the full detailed explanation on running your car on water visit http://www.gastowater.info Gianni is an internet junkie who spends a lot of time reading up on the newest products on the net , reviewing them and then giving them his opinion. He constantly writes articles on ezine so make sure to check them out!

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Gianni_Di_Mattia

How Safe Are HHO Fuel Cells For Cars?

By Brandon Mchale

HHO is safe to store, and it adds miles per gallon. These fuel cells safely produce hybrid hydrogen oxygen on demand. HHO is combustible, but then again so is gasoline. The difference is HHO comes from water. Your HHO is transported as water until needed. You have to split the water with electrolysis to produce the HHO. HHO is not a stand alone fuel, it's an additive that works with both gasoline or diesel. A little HHO goes a long way, because the hybrid hydrogen oxygen makes for a much cleaner leaner burn of your fuel. The result is a much cooler smoother running engine that gives you more bang for your buck! Your also cleaning out carbon deposits, which will increase the longevity and efficiency of your engine.

80% Efficient Fuel

HHO is an extremely efficient fuel, when it's mixed properly. Placing the injection tube before your air filter will help diffuse the gas. This produces a nice lean controlled burn. You want a nice lean burn, and HHO makes a cooler burn that utilizes more of your fuel. The nature of hybrid hydrogen oxygen works with either gas or diesel. Injecting HHO correctly and safely will save you costs at the pump.

Of Course HHO Takes Power To Produce, It's Not Magic! Well Your Wallet Might Argue

HHO takes the same power that your lights, radio, windshield wipers, and air conditioning take. The only difference is that these fuel cells add to your fuel efficiency. These do pull power, the same power that all the other gadgets and gizmos pull. Here's where the difference comes in,a fuel cell adds an 80% efficient fuel. When your getting more miles per gallon, tell me where your loosing power? Your actually going to increase horsepower and save on fuel consumption. This doesn't mention the emission benefits too. The clean burn means you use more of your fuel. The normal ignition process has unused fuel that has to be cooked by your catalytic converter, to meet EPA standards... Yes your burning unused fuel in your catalytic converter... fuel you payed for... wasted... that you have to pay to dispose of....Well, not if your using hybrid hydrogen oxygen. You get to use more of your precious fuel and that leads to less harmful emissions. The more you use the less is emitted.

A Fuel Additive Worth Using

The fuel cells I'm discussing are not stand alone fuel sources, but they do add miles per gallon, horse power, emit cleaner emissions and are safe to transport, well... unless your a complete clutz who can't safely carry a glass of water, and if you truthfully cannot safely transport water, please PLEASE do NOT drive!

Here are the top reviewed plans to ADD HP and MPG.

Get my tips on FUEL CELL PLANS and enjoy added MPG cleaner exhaust and added HP.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Brandon_Mchale

Repo Cars Buyer's Guide or 10 Tips for Buying Vehicles at a Repo Auction

By Stephane Bourre

One of the best places to purchase nearly new cars with low mileage at a price as much as 90% off MSRP is an auction. Often, brand-name cars (including Porsche, Mercedes-Benz, Lexus, but also many family cars, SUVs, vans, mobile homes) become state or bank property when their owners are unable to pay debts, and have to be sold fast to avoid substantial storage and maintenance costs. Because of this it is sometimes possible to buy quality repo vehicles as much as 80-90% off retail price.

However, purchasing vehicles at auctions is an investition which should be treated with appropriate care. This is especially true if you are an inexperienced and/or first-time buyer. While the sums involved are usually far less than what you would pay at a car dealer, it can happen that after an intense bidding contest the final price (including premium etc) can actually exceed the car's real market value.

In order to help first-time buyers, I have put together the top 10 things to look out for when purchasing a repo car at an auction below.

10) Inform yourself in detail about the makes and models of the cars you are looking for. Wikipedia and various car sites have detailed profiles and technical data on most cars on the market, as well as lists of common defects to look out for.

9) When eyeing a particular car, take a good look at the maintenance history. Regular mechanical checkups should have been made. Pay particular attention to mileage, damage and accident history, paint jobs, and interior. Be sure to ask for the number of prior owners. Several pre-owners are likely to indicate prior problems with the car.

8) Ask owners of the model you're looking for for common defects and issues with their cars. Even if you don't know anyone who owns the model personally, it is easily done at car forums on the internet.

7) If you find a good candidate, it's time for a thorough visual inspection. Be sure to check the paint (any scratches, irregularities, signs of subsequent paint jobs or rust?), tires (walk around and kick/feel them a little/measure the profile), seats/interior/pedals (should not look too used). Make sure seats and belts adjust as they should, that the electronic equipment works (stereo, heater, power windows, air conditioning, lights).

6) Have the engine started and check how well it's running. Any irregularities in the sound? Blue smoke from the exhaust pipe (oil, can mean that the engine is worn)? Oil leaks? Excessive white smoke (may mean that coolant is leaking)? All of those are warning signs.

5) When purchasing a repo vehicle at an auction, always start by observing. Attend the preview (usually held a while before the auction, and open to the general public). Stay cool during the auction, and decide what you want to bid beforehand. Never get into a bidding war, it's a surefire way to buyer's remorse.

4) Beware of any claims that sound too good to be true. At an auction, odds are they are just that - not true. Liability for a seller at a public auction is relatively low, and two powerful words - "AS IS" - basically free the seller of any responsibility. It is up to you to pinpoint them on essential statements and be wary of any outrageous promises.

3) Should you win the bid, insist on a written contract, and ask that all important figures and claims are mentioned (e.g. about prior owners or repairs, mileage, etc). Don't forget that the price you will pay is usually higher than the winning bid. Most auctions include a 5-10% buyer's premium.

2) Look at the VIN (vehicle identification number) plates and make sure they have not been altered. If they look like they have been changed, do not buy the car.

1) Do not be too hasty. Looking at some auctioned repo cars, you may get the feeling of a once-in-a-lifetime bargain, but in fact the market is pretty large and great opportunities are around all the time. It is best to observe a few auctions first to get a feel of the process, and only actively start bidding once you have a good idea of the market.

There are several large databases of auctioned repo cars and other vehicles online. One of the largest is http://www.autoauctionsonline.org/, with unlimited access for a one-time fee of $19.95.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Stephane_Bourre

How To Make Hydrogen For Cars - Do Hydrogen Fuel Cells Increase Gas Mileage?

By Brandon Mchale

Making Hydrogen For Cars Works And It Has Beneficial Side Effects Too

Making combustible gas from water is proven technology and has been around since the 1950's. When talking about combustion engines we're not talking about a stand alone fuel source or renewable energy. We're talking about a combustible soup, a mix of hydrogen and oxygen, that assists the combustion cycle. When used correctly with an efficient set of plans, this system does save on gas usage. Your vehicle will burn less gas increase horsepower and emit cleaner emissions.

Introducing Our Little Cash Saving Friend "HHO"

HHO "hybrid hydrogen oxygen" is what we're after. This little cocktail is going to increase our fuel efficiency, and is extracted from water. You can run your fuel leaner when you introduce HHO, hence the added miles per gallon. Pilots lean their fuel when they fly above 10,000 feet, because running leaner saves gas. Chances are your car isn't flying, and is under more atmospheric pressure than those planes, so we're going to introduce HHO to achieve the same effect. We're going to lean your fuel with it, you are going to use less fuel. HHO is going to burn the fuel you would normally just cook and waste in your catalytic converter too. So there are two bangs for your buck, and we haven't even started yet.

Making Hydrogen For Cars Comes With Beneficial Side Effects Too

You can put all those fuel injection cleaners and gas additives back on the shelf. When you run HHO through your engine you dissolve carbon buildup and clean out your engine. Not too bad for the price of water! Your engine will immediately run smoother and cooler, this alone will add longevity to it's life. The more complete combustion removes the unused gas that would have normally gone through your catalytic converter. The byproduct of the HHO combustion is water vapor. Your emissions will be much cleaner and environmentally friendly.

Does It Take More Energy To Make Hydrogen Than You Get?

So...The big question is " Does it take more energy to make hydrogen for cars, than these fuel cells give? "

NO! If you're getting more miles per gallon, then show me where your loosing energy. These cells work off of your battery, which is recharged by your alternator. So do they draw power? Of course they draw power, so do your windshield wipers, air conditioning and lights... Do those kill your battery? Well if you leave your lights on without your vehicle running yes! The point is the battery is taking the load, but being replenished by the alternator, just as you wouldn't leave your lights on without the car running the same applies to your fuel cell. A set of good plans accounts for this. The benefits of using hydrogen far outweigh the initial costs.

Here are the top reviewed plans to ADD HP and MPG

Get my tips on FUEL CELL PLANS and enjoy added MPG cleaner exhaust and added HP.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Brandon_Mchale

iGo Everywhere Power 3500 Charger

By James Youell

The iGo Everywhere Power 3500 Charger has been available for a while now, but it still provides a useful service for the charging of small handheld devices. Although this is not a standalone battery backup (it requires mains power or equivalent for function) it does solve the problem of carrying a multitude of power cables for each and every handheld device.

The iGo Everywhere Power 3500 Charger is supplied with the iGo Everywhere Power adapter (smooth metallic blue box about the size of a pack of cards), iGo DualPower adapter (for connecting devices), Electronic Device Input Cord (for connecting devices), Standard Wall Outlet AC Power Cord, Auto/Air EmPower DC Power Cord and a zippered carrying pouch (in black).

From either the main adapter, car cigarette lighter adapter or air adapter (for aeroplanes that utilise this power interface) the iGo Everywhere Power 3500 Charger can charge up to two devices (sharing a maximum of 15W). In order to interface with every different type of mobile device, PDA, mp3 player etc. iGo provide a series of iTips (interchangeable between iGo products) that are compatible with each different type of device. These have to be purchased separately to the main device.

iGo Everywhere Power 3Connection is simple to any device (providing the correct iTip has been bought), if one device is to be charged, the electronic device input cord is used, and if two devices are used, the iGo DualPower adapter is required. We found that during charging the main unit tended to heat up slightly. There is a blue LED that lights when the main unit has power, however, there is no indication on the unit to let you know when devices are fully charged.

In summary, the iGo Everywhere Power 3500 Charger is a viable alternative to carrying handfuls of seperate peripheral chargers for each and every device you use on a day to day basis. If you want backup power on the move, when a power supply isn't available it is worth considering a power backup device such as the Powertraveller Powermonkey eXplorer, iGo powerXtender battery operated charger or Freedom Mobile Power Portable Charger (MiniUSB).

The iGo Everywhere Power 3500 Charger is available from ExpansysUK.

James Youell is the founder and one of the editors for Computer Takeaway a website dedicated to independently reviewing PC and mobile communications hardware and software.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=James_Youell

Discover How To Get Portable Free Electricity

By Sandra Dias

We know how you can have free electricity to use during a power outage. Recently, everyone has been experiencing frequent power outages. And it will only get worse in the future.

We used to be like everyone else. It's nighttime and suddenly the electricity is shut off. You grab a flashlight and some candles. Then you sit there, bored and angry, and wait for the power to be restored.

You can't watch television. You may have a radio that runs on batteries, but that only lasts until the batteries run out. You can't read well in the poor lighting. Your telephone is dead and your cell phone battery eventually dies. You can only use your laptop until that battery dies too. You feel cut off from the rest of the world.

Surely there's a better way. There is and we have discovered it. Have you ever heard of an AC power inverter? It is a machine that changes the DC (direct current) electricity of a 12 volt car battery into AC (alternating current) electricity. AC electricity is what powers everything in your house. A power inverter also has outlets, like the wall outlets in your house. You can plug in whatever you need and it runs just like it was plugged into your wall.

With a power inverter and a 12 volt battery you can have free electricity. You can listen to your radio or even watch television. Keep your cell phone charged or use your laptop. Once the power is restored, you recharge your battery and you are ready for the next outage.

Also, because these are portable devices, you can take this free electricity with you anywhere. Go to the park or the beach. You bring the power needed for your musical instruments, amplifier and microphone. It's a great way to add fun to a party or family gathering. Best of all, the electricity is free. You don't have to look for a wall outlet to plug into. You have the electricity right there with you.

Everyone should have a power inverter, battery charger and a 12 volt battery. Start enjoying the freedom of having free electricity whenever you want it or need it.

Sandra is the owner of http://energyigloo.com - a new store with everything you need for free electricity. This information comes from personal experience and research.

See Sandra's products at http://www.energyigloo.com and join her free newsletter for new products and sales news.

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Electric Vehicle Motors

By Les J Oke

You've decided to build your own electric vehicle and now you need to learn about electric vehicle motors.

There are many considerations in choosing which one to install.

What do you need to know to get started?

· DC or AC- the choice is yours
· How big of a motor do you need?
· Detailed plans on how to build an electric car- electric vehicle motors
· Do you choose a car or truck?

Let's start with the vehicle you will use. There are some basic considerations you need to remember but mostly vehicle weight and battery capacity are your main concerns.

Basically the lighter the vehicle the farther it will be able to travel between charges. That means installing electric vehicle motors in a small car or truck is your best choice. This must be balanced with total battery capacity too, since the more batteries, the longer your vehicle range will be.

We have chosen small trucks for most of our latest conversions as they are light, strong and have lots of room for batteries making it a good choice for installing electric vehicle motors.

Which motor should you choose?

Most of the large car companies are installing large AC motors in their electric vehicles. AC is light for its power output and they have a powerful charging device that works off of your braking system when the AC motor is slowed down that energy is actually transferred to the batteries. The two drawbacks to those motors are that they are more difficult to install compared to DC and more expensive.

For that reason we have chosen DC electric vehicle motors for our recent conversions. They are easier to install and cheaper too. The plans we found also showed us where to find them for free- and deep cycle batteries from the same source too. That really saved us a lot of money.

Since electric vehicle motors will last a very long time, probably through 2 vehicles obtaining used DC motors is a good choice for the conversion. Good recycled motors are all around if you know where to look. Motors in the 9 to 13 inch range work best and has lots of power. Choosing the right vehicle and obtaining free parts will definitely keep the cost of the project down too. The first time you drive by a gas station after you do your conversion you won't be able to stop smiling.

Did you know that gas prices are expected to rise to $7 per gallon next year?

Isn't it time you did your own conversion? Let's get started.

Learn about Electric Vehicle Motors is a great place to start and learn how you can save lots of money on your gas bills for the future and help the environment in the process.

Our family began living off the grid in 2001 and we have never looked back. Learning about electric vehicle motors has been a big part of our renewable energy strategy to build our own electric car.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Les_J_Oke

Why Did My Air Conditioner Break Down?

By Christopher Whiteside

If your air conditioner has stopped working the two most likely culprits are usually a single defective part or lack of routine maintenance. Similar to your car, your air conditioner is a mechanical system and requires regular maintenance and service. How long would you expect your car to last if you never changed the oil? How long could it go if you never rotated the tires or checked the brakes? The same thing can be said about one of the most important pieces of equipment in your life, your air conditioner. Without a routine maintenance program, our automobiles break down and so do our air conditioners.

Unfortunately, most of us get complacent when it comes to conditioning our living space. We do not want to think about air unless there is something wrong with it. We fall into the classic trap of out of site, out of mind. We may not even notice that our energy bills are climbing higher and higher every year. That is when the "hot summer" hits us the most. The utility bill doubles and we end up writing multiple large checks.

If your air conditioning system is over 10 years old, excessive energy consumption and frequent repairs are the trademarks of worn out system. Although many systems can function for many more years, a new high-efficiency system can save you time, money, and headaches. They may even pay for themselves by dramatically lowering your utility costs.

If your air conditioning system is under 10 years old a routine maintenance service is almost always the preferred choice. Many homeowners don't know that they can significantly increase their air conditioning performance with annual or biennial check ups.

The most expensive option is the "if it ain't broke don't fix it" sentiment. Chances are that an old air conditioning system will fail when it's working the hardest and you need it most. Contractors know this and adjust their prices accordingly. Not only are you waiting one to two weeks for an "emergency" install, prices increase 15-20% during peak months. The pressure on your wallet may be the least of your concerns. A damaged or defective air conditioning system can put you and your family at risk from a fire, biological, asbestos or other hazard.

Take a few moments and think about your air conditioning system. If it's over 10 years old it's probably time to start budgeting for a new high efficiency model. If it's less than 10 years old, make sure your system is professionally maintained so you can keep your cool and your utility bills low.

Mr. Whiteside is a comfort advisor with http://www.ServiceExperts.com For more information about air filters, indoor air quality, air conditioning, heat pumps, or furnaces please visit http://www.FilterUpdates.com

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Does Turning Off the AC Save Gas?

By Kathy Bucklyn

Undoubtedly, you've looked at one of those lists of different ways that you can get better fuel efficiency. Almost all of them include the advice to turn off the air conditioning on your car.

As summer heats up though, you may find yourself thinking that that sounds like a really horrible idea, particularly if you live in some of the warmer areas of the nation.

You may find yourself wondering - Does turning off the AC save gas? Or is it all hype?

The unfortunate truth is that your car's air conditioner does indeed use electricity, which in turn burns more gas. It's often more fuel efficient to leave the AC off. However, there is hope for you.

Needless to say, when the weather is warm, you need some way to keep cool in your car. Without the air conditioner, you have to roll your windows down or use the fan. If you're lucky enough to have a sunroof, this is a great way to stay cool in your car.

But at highway speeds, you lose fuel efficiency with your windows rolled down, due to the increased wind resistance. Therefore, it's actually better for you to use your air conditioner if you are traveling on the highway. Once you start traveling at lower speeds, though, you should roll your windows down.

One good trick, if you do choose to run your air conditioner is to turn if off about five minutes before you reach your destination. You'll save a bit of gas, but you won't have to suffer the heat. Your car will stay cool for the duration of the trip.

Yes, turning off the AC saves gas, but you have to consider your personal comfort levels when making the decision to turn it off. If driving without the air conditioner is too uncomfortable

Are you concerned about the rising costs of gas? You can do something about it!

Visit Most Fuel Efficient Cars to learn how you can save gas on the car you already own or get a great deal on a more fuel efficient vehicle.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Kathy_Bucklyn

How to Properly Test Drive a Car

By Jeff Hendrix

When you have finally picked out the car you want, it is time for the all important test drive. If the seller will not let you drive the car before you buy it, walk away. They are hiding something otherwise. Make it very clear that you want plenty of time behind the wheel before you buy it. If you can't fully test it more than just one trip around the block, it is time to walk away. What should you look for on your drive though?

When you drive the car, the first thing to begin to look for is to see if the car slightly drifts to one side of the road or the other. This could be either just a simple alignment problem, or it could be signs of a very serious frame alignment problem. When driving in a straight line the car should also not vibrate or shimmy since that are signs of problems as well. The wheels should also not vibrate when turning slightly right or left rather like you would do when changing lanes.

To test the brakes you should go find a large empty road or perhaps a parking lot. Just make sure no one is following behind you. You will want to get the car up to about 40 miles per hour and then stomp on the brake firmly. The car should begin to stop smoothly and not pull hard to one side or the other. If the car has antilock braking systems you should feel the brake vibrate under your foot as the ABS works. If the car does not have ABS then the pedal should remain stiff underneath your foot while braking.

The parking brake should be tested as well. To test the parking brake you will want to drive up a hill and then brake. Once a stop, put the car in neutral and pull the emergency brake. Take your foot off the normal brake. If the car does not move, you have a working E-brake. If it doesn't, well then you have a problem and should begin braking regularly.

While on that hill, you will want to test the cars acceleration. Go to the bottom of the hill and stop. Once at standstill, step on the gas. The car should go up the hill without any problem, random surges in power or funny sounds coming from the engine. This same test should be done on a flat area, but this time, flat out floor it. If the car does not accelerate hard, smoothly or makes crazy noises, then you probably will want to not consider it.

Another easy problem to check for is the Engine overheating. By getting out on the highway and cruising for more then ten minutes, you will be able to tell if the engine overheats as well as being able to tell if the car performs at highway speeds. Once you get off the highway, find somewhere to park for 5 minutes and turn the AC all the way up. This is to simulate being stuck in traffic. The engine should not overheat during either of these activities.

Are you located in Minneapolis and looking to get a lot more information about buying a new or used car here? If your answer is yes, then click on this link and learn more! http://www.minneapolisusedauto.com

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Top 5 Reasons Why Your Car Overheats

By James C

Are you having trouble with your car overheating? It can be a frustrating problem to deal with and diagnose. This article will go over some of the most common reasons why cars and trucks overheat.

One of the most common reasons for a vehicle overheating is a stuck thermostat. It can stick or freeze in the closed position blocking the flow of coolant to your engine. The easiest way to check if your thermostat is not open is to feel the upper radiator hose. Once the engine warms up it should become warm. If it does not get hot the thermostat is probably not opening.

A second common cause of overheating is a leak in your vehicle's cooling system. If your vehicle is loosing coolant there will not be enough left in the vehicle to keep it cool. This is easy to diagnose as the radiator will be low on fluid and there will probably be a pool of coolant on the floor of your garage. Look for leaks in the most common places like around hoses and around the welds of your radiator. If you can not find the leak you might need to take it to a shop to have the cooling system pressure tested.

The third cause is a faulty water pump. The water pump is a vital part of your cooling system since it is responsible for circulating coolant through your engine. With a faulty water pump your vehicle will not run for more than a few minutes without overheating.

The fourth cause of overheating is a bad cooling fan. There are two types of fans, electric and mechanical. The electric fan should come on automatically once the vehicle reaches operating temperature or when the A/C is turned on. If it doesn't you should have it replaced. The mechanical fan will run all of the time but has a clutch which makes it turn faster when the engine heats up. With the car turned off the fan should not turn too easily especially when the vehicle is warm. You can also check for signs of leakage from the fan clutch. If you see any problems have it replaced.

The fifth cause of overheating I will talk about is a clogged radiator. Over time the radiator can accumulate deposits of rust and debris. This is especially true if radiator fluid has not been flushed on a regular basis. If you suspect a clogged radiator you should take it to a shop to have it professionally cleaned.

Those are some of the most common cause for vehicle overheating. Vehicle overheating can cause a great deal of damage to your vehicle. If you are experiencing trouble be sure to fix your vehicle or take it to a quality mechanic as soon as possible.

Learn about online auto repair at the authors website on car, truck and automobile repair.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=James_C

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American Car Auctions - Honey I Bought A Lemon!

By Travis Sago

You can buy a real dream vehicle at American car auctions, but you can also purchase one
huge nightmare of a lemon monster. These tips will steer you in the right direction by saving
you time, money and embarrassment explaining why you spent so much money on a heap of junk.

1. Biggest tip: Get to the car auction early. You have got to pick out the cars you are
interested in and inspect the cars thoroughly. If you don't want to have a sour lemony taste in
your mouth later, run a vehicle history report! Have someone standing by that you can call on your
cell and run a Carfax report.

2. Bring your Kelly Blue Book and do not pay over the blue book price, there will be folks that have
no clue, they will run up the bid price because they have no idea what the auto is worth. Let them
have it.

3. Find out what the buyers premium is for that particular American auto auction and remember to
factor that into the equation, it is typically 5% to 10% of the winning bid. Most first time
car auction buyers are not aware of the buyers premium.

4. Don't forget to bring a vehicle inspection check off list with you. It is so easy to forget
some crucial inspections. Forgetting to check the AC can mean a very costly repair.
This is key, as you will be buying from the car auction AS IS!

5. Do the VIN tags match? Mismatched VIN tags, doors, trunk, hood, and dashboard should all match.
Mismatched VIN tags usually means the car or vehicle has been wrecked or stolen.

6. Deduct 30% if your vehicle history report shows that the auto has a rebuilt title.

7. Check the odometer against your vehicle history report. An alternate method is to look
at the brake pedals and see if the wear is congruent with the odometer. If the brake pedals
look excessively worn compared to what the odometer reads, the odometer may have been tampered
with.

8. Deduct for excessive mileage. The US Department of Transportation reports that the average
car is driven 13,500 miles per year. A good rule of thumb is to deduct 15 cents per mile over
that average.

9. Learn the American car auction process, go to the auctions a few times and just observe
and ask questions. This will prevent you from making costly mistakes on your first live auction.

10. Follow your gut instinct! If a car, truck, or boat does not feel right, don't buy it. You
will be right more times than not.

If you follow these 10 guidelines as well as performing a thorough vehicle inspection, you can get
some real bargains at American car auctions. Whether you are buying for yourself or to
retail on the market remember to never fall in love. There will always be another car at another
auto auction. This is the most powerful attitude and stance you can take as well as the best prevention against telling your honey that you just bought a lemon!

For a free car buying guide, inspection check off list and free search of American car auctions in your area, visit http://www.usfreeads.com/557906-cls.html

American Car Auctions Search

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The Must Have iPod Auto Accessories

By Gayasri Gamanayake

Are you listening to your iPod while driving? If yes then you must buy proper iPod auto accessories. So what are the essential Auto Accessories? Read on…

Music helps us relax, relieve stress and even change a bad mood to a good one with the right type of music. Music helps us exercise, meditate, energize and express our feelings; it is not surprising that most of us want to carry our favorite tunes with us wherever we go whether we are in the car, walking, jogging or in the house. The iPod offers us the possibility to carry a huge selection of music anytime we want and now you can listen to it in the comfort of your car with the right iPod auto accessories. One of the first iPod auto accessories that you must invest in if you want to listen music from your iPod in the car is an iPod car mount so you don’t misplace your iPod, which is very thin and light and therefore can anytime slip on the floor where you may step on it and cause it damage.

There are several types of iPod car mounts available to fit your requirements; most of the car mounts for the iPods can be fit in the cup holder so it is secure and does not cause clutter others can be placed in the AC vent from where you can access it with ease in order to change a song or control the volume. The next essential iPod auto accessory is the iPod car charger with which you will be able to charge your iPod as you wish without having to access your computer and thus, ensure that it will provide you music for as long as you like. In iPod car chargers too you will find that several different types to match your iPod type and needs.

Must Have Stuff

In order to always drive safely you need to ensure that you are listening to the music from your iPod on the car speaker and not through the earphones, which will impair you from hearing any warning signs that may occur on the road such as, a ambulance, fire or police siren that requires you to pull on the extreme right in order to give them priority. In order to connect the iPod to the car speakers you will require the connection device that is compatible with your type of iPod and car.

Where to Find iPod Auto Accessories

The best place to shop for iPod auto parts is at the Apple Inc. online store or at the iStore, which is recommended by Apple and is dedicated to providing everything you need for any type of iPod available on the market even the now discontinued iPod Mini. Start enjoying your iPod in the car as well with the right iPod auto accessories, which will make listening to music or anything else that you wish from your iPod safe and easy.

Visit http://www.ipodaccessoriesstore.com/ipod-car-kit-accessories.html to read more on iPod auto accessories and how to find reliable suppliers.

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What is a C Corporation

By Nick Braun Ph.D.

A C Corporation is the only business structure that is never a pass-through entity.
The difference between C corporations and all the others is that c corporations are completely separate C Corp tax entities. This means you don't pay the business taxes - the corporation pays its own C Corp tax. You will only pay C Corp tax on any money you take out of the business as salary or dividends.

•C corporations are taxed twice

•Tax is paid at the corporate level first.

•Dividends are taxed at the shareholder level (maximum 15%)

The business owner has to file two forms with the IRS:

•One for your personal taxes, reporting your salary or dividends from the business

•One for the business. This will be either Form 1120 or Form 1120-a, the short form.

C corporation can still be a good choice where profits are less than $75,000.
For this to work your company must earn more than you need to put in your pocket.
Instead of paying 35% on the surplus income you can pay just 15% or 25% by keeping it in your corporation.

Corporations are also subject to three additional taxes:

•Accumulated earnings C Corp tax. If your C corporation holds onto too much of its profits it incurs an accumulated earnings tax of 15%. This doesn't kick in until accumulated earnings exceed $250,000.

•Personal holding company tax. This targets C corps that earn most of their money from investments such as dividends. You don't have to concern yourself with this if you have a normal business.

•Corporate alternative minimum tax. Very few small businesses have to worry about this.

For more in-depth information you may be interested in our guide How to Choose the Most Tax Friendly Business Structure. You'll find more information on C Corp Tax and the C Corp Tax Benefits on Taxcafe.com

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Air Conditioner Thermostats

By Kent Pinkerton

A thermostat is an apparatus for maintaining the temperature of a system within a particular range by directly or indirectly controlling the flow of heat energy into or out of the system. All air conditioners have thermostats that can be manually operated or automatically preprogrammed to work at regulating the room temperature. There are many ways in which you can use an air conditioner thermostat effectively.

One of the most successful yet economical ways to reduce your air conditioning costs is to adjust the thermostat setting on the air conditioner. The savings are more noteworthy when you set your thermostat at 78 degrees Fahrenheit or higher. For each degree you raise the thermostat setting, you reduce seasonal cooling costs by 7 percent to 10 percent. In doing so, you can use ceiling fans in addition to the air conditioner and thus, save a lot of money.

Most centrally located air conditioner thermostats are equipped with two fan settings, 'on' and 'auto'. When the thermostat setting is set to 'on' the fan runs constantly and when it is set to 'auto' the fan runs only during cooling cycles when the air conditioner compressor is in use. When the air conditioner is in use all day, the cooling compressor only operates about 50 percent of the time, that is, for about 12 hours. The extra fan operating time that occurs when the thermostat is set to 'on' can add roughly $25 to monthly air conditioning bills. Using the 'auto' setting, alternatively, saves energy and money because the fan operates fewer hours. Besides achieving energy and cost savings, the 'auto' setting also promotes more comfort by offering better humidity control as moisture removed during the cooling cycle is re-circulated back into the home while the compressor is off.

Thus, thermostats play an important role in the cost and function of an AC.

Air Conditioner Rentals provides detailed information on air conditioner rentals, portable air conditioner rentals, window air conditionar rentals, RV air conditioner rentals and more. Air Conditioner Rentals is affiliated with Window Air Conditioners.

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Auto Repair Quotes

By Jimmy Sturo

The auto repair quotes that you get for your automobile vary with the service provider. There are many auto service providers who are happy to give you auto repair quotes. You can either get them from the service provider in your locality or from the leading auto repair company in your area.

Before getting a quote, make a preliminary list of repairs that need to be done that you know of. If you are not clear as to what you need, you may end up spending wasted time and money of what could have been just a simple repair. Go to your local mechanic for quotes before deciding on where to take your automobile. They will give you an idea as to exactly what expenses are involved, and what repairs are critical, as opposed to not necessary. You may decide to stick with your mechanic or go to a dealer for repairs. Whatever you decide, you’ll have valuable information in your hands regarding the repairs that need to be done, and what one mechanic would charge to do the repairs.

There are also free checkup camps that are held at major car dealer manufacturers. Here, your car will be evaluated for problems at no charge to you. If problems are found, these events may even offer discounts on parts and repairs that you can take advantage of. They will also give you repair quotes that you can pass on to a repair shop.

If you know what is the kind of repair that is needed for your car, then you can get auto repair quotes online on websites dedicated for autos. All you have to do is type in information about you and your car and what repairs need to be done. You will receive instant auto repair online quotes. You can get auto repair quotes from multiple vendors and compare them to get the best deal.

Auto Quotes provides detailed information on Auto Quotes, Instant Auto Insurance Quotes, Auto Glass Quotes, Auto Repair Quotes and more. Auto Quotes is affiliated with Auto Dealer Auctions.

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Diamond Hunting In The Wal-Mart Parking Lot

By Myla Madson

I tell you, my oldest daughter is something else. Last summer she would wake up at the crack of dawn and ride her bike to the mall. It was only a short distance away and she would ride with friends so it wasn't so much a safety concern I was having, but rather how uncomfortable I felt about her hanging out at the mall all day and not doing something more constructive with her time.

When she started coming home with new shoes, Ipods and various trinkets, I really began to worry and confronted her one night demanding she explain how she was acquiring these things on a five dollar a week allowance.

To my surprise, she calmly stated that she didn't "hang" around the mall all day. She was actually hunting for diamonds in the parking lot, both there and at the Wal-Mart nearby.

My daughter is the only person on this planet who can leave me speechless and as I stood there, unprepared for this explanation, she said in her most grown-up voice, "Perhaps I should explain."

She then proceeded to give me a science lesson coupled with deductive reasoning and I have to say I was once again left speechless.

She told me that changes in temperature have an effect on most material things, especially metal. Different metals have different rates at which they respond to these changes. This is the basis of how old mechanical thermostats work.

A length of coiled metal is attached to a bulb containing mercury and winds and unwinds back and forth as it expands and contracts according to room temperature, making and breaking electrical connections thus controlling the heating and cooling equipment.

On a hot summer day most folks, especially those that can afford to do so and therefore can also afford to wear a lot of jewelry, run their car AC at full blast whenever they go somewhere...that includes malls, shopping centers and so forth.

When they get out of their cars and step into the summer heat magnified by a black asphalt parking lot, the metal in their jewelry rapidly expands and diamonds sometimes pop out of their settings.

Now I have certainly lost my fair share of diamonds, albeit very, very small ones nearly invisible to the naked eye, but my daughter figured this was possibly how I, and therefore many others, inexplicably lost diamonds and jewels, (she also claims to have figured out where the lost sock in the dryer disappears to).

Anyway, after a little practice, my daughter told me it's relatively easy to discern a diamonds sparkle to that of the glass sparkles of your basic mall parking lot. She smiled a devilish smile and said that is what keeps them hidden in plain sight!

In exchange for a small commission, her best friend's older brother then takes the diamonds to the pawn shop and gets what he can for them. The money is divided equally amongst the prospectors and they spend the rest of the day shopping.

I was floored! How dare she not turn these jewels over to her poor single mother who, by the way, just adores diamonds! A pawn shop...are you kidding me?

I asked her if she had considered the feelings of the people who lost these diamonds and perhaps she should have turned them over to the mall's lost and found department.

She then asked me if I had ever gone to the mall's lost and found department looking for any of my lost diamonds and I admitted I had never thought to do so, until now.

She looked at me with a measure of satisfaction and said the mall folks would probably just take them for themselves anyway and she would be considered an accessory to a crime at that point. I was too tired to argue her reasoning and too proud of her constructive thinking to punish her.

I asked her just how many diamonds had she found to afford all of the clothes and shoes and electronic gadgets she had acquired over the summer.

She explained that a lot of what they found were fake stones with no real value. However, after exploring eBay awhile, she realized people would buy just about anything unique and unusual.

Cubic Zirconia is anything but unusual, but a Cubic Zirconia with a captured magic spirit in it that will bring fortune and fame into your life is quite the find. A little creative writing and a made up Great Aunt who had practiced the dark arts, and poof, you now have a stone with value that desperate people are only to eager to buy.

The shocked look on my face made her quickly recant her story and she claimed to be pulling her momma's leg, but I don't know. I worry about my daughter sometimes. I hope she knows where that very thin line between creativity and dishonesty lies. Actually, I'm quite certain she knows exactly where it lies and I should be more concerned with how often she has consciously chosen to cross it.

I had a long talk with her about all this, but to be honest with you, I now find myself parking as far out in the parking lot as possible now, diamond hunting on my way into Macy's!

For more for the mind of Myla Madson, go to http://www.MylaMadson.com

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A Traditional Sports Car - The AC MKV

By John Hartley

A truly exhilarating car - that's the AC MkV. Very much back to basics, this AC, based on the forbears of the AC-Shelby Cobra lacks the bells and whistles of soft supercars. Instead, you get raw power, and control is down to you - not a horde of electronics systems. The car can get to 60 mph in 4.5 seconds, and has a top speed of 145 mph - held back by an intentionally old-fashioned body shape, albeit in new materials.

Original Shelby Cobra based on AC Ace

The original AC Shelby Cobra was based on the AC Ace, a two-seater open sports cars powered by a modest 2.0 liter six-cylinder engine. The twin-tube frame had transverse leaf springs and independent suspension front and rear. Quite advanced in its day, but the suspension did not locate the wheels that well.

AC Cars, one of the oldest British car companies, has been revived several times, and various sports cars have been designed, but never quite made it - or not for long. Now, the firm has gone back to its roots. It is supplying Shelby Automotive with aluminum bodies for its Cobras, and has introduced its own car - the AC MkV, which is being marketed in Europe and the USA.

So is there room for another hard-core sports car that looks like all those Cobra replicas? Well, with the AC MkV you get the original, the car is complete, and the body is made from advanced materials. Most of the replicas are kit cars. Not everyone wants to spend three to six months building a car.

Retains the 60s look of the Cobra

Of course, the car looks like a Cobra, complete with the oval grille, small circular headlamps and wide flared rear fenders. A small air intake below the grille, and two small side air intakes give the car some identity. The body is made from carbon fiber composites, unlike the earlier model, or the Cobras, which have aluminum panels, or the lookalikes which make do with glass fiber.

Twin-tube frame and wishbone suspension

The basis of the AC MkV is a ladder-type twin-tube frame made from 4.0-inch steel tubes, as it was on the earlier MkIV which went out of production in 2002. Double wishbone suspension is used front and rear, and these links have a rather narrow base compared with more modern supercars.

Conventional coil spring/damper units are used all round, and roll is controlled by front and rear anti-roll bars. The steering is by rack and pinion.

Into this frame is installed a Ford 5.0 liter V-8 engine and six-speed manual gearbox. In European trim the engine develops 340 bhp @ 6,000 rpm, and is red-lined at 6,800 rpm, giving a good speed range. Maximum torque is 369 lb ft (500 Nm) @ 4,800 rpm.

The AC MkV is a taut lightweight sports car which has the brakes, wheels and tires to match - 7 inch rims at the front and 8 inch at the back. Kerb weight is just 2,643 lb (1,200 kg) giving a power-to-weight ration of 280 bhp per tonne. You'll get neck-snapping acceleration to match many more exotic cars, and a lot of fun.

John Hartley is editor of http://www.fast-autos.com, an online magazine devoted to fast cars and supercars. He has written from many of the world's top auto magazines, and has written many books about cars and the auto industry, including 'Suspension and Steering Q&A' and 'The Electronics Revolution in the Motor Industry'.

Sports Car

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AC Cars - Pre WW2 - History

By Andy Webbed

Two brothers, the Wellers, produced a 20HP touring car for the 1903 Crystal Palace motor show, with further ideas to produce more advanced versions of the 20hp. Deterred from the plan and guided by their funder, Portwine, to produce a more economical three wheeled vehicle, named the Auto Carrier. A year after producing their original 20HP car, the new Auto Carrier went into production and became a big success. The company also changed named during these times, now named Autocars And Accessories, and three years later embarked on a new passenger version of the Auto Carrier. The successful business renamed again in 1911, now become Auto Carriers Ltd, using the AC logo on production cars.

Now with the company located in Surrey, the company produced a two seater car with four wheels. Like most car producers, the company had to cease production due to the onset of World War One, switching production to military means. Shells and fuses were produced at the factory for use in the war, and Auto Carriers were also responsible for the designing of a vehicle for the British government war office.

Expanding its premises post World War One into the Thames Ditton High Street factory, AC began a run of very successful cars. A testament to the Weller brothers design skills, the six cylinder engine which was designed by John when on production and ran for a total of 44 years. A turbulent era began at Auto Carriers, when Selwyn Edge bough a share in the company, instantly taking a dislike to both Weller and the person who has funded the company from its birth, Portwine. After Portwine left the company it had changed names again to AC Cars Ltd, with Selwyn Edge purchasing all of the company shares for one hundred and thirty five thousand pounds. Changing the company name once more to AC Ltd, Selwyn Edge had appeared to have purchased a company which sales where declining at an alarming rate, and was about to get caught up in the economic storm which rained down in late twenties, resulting in the company going into liquidation.

After the company had been put into liquidation after the 29 market crash, the company was bought by the Hurlock family. Although the premises were now used as a warehouse due to the family being in the haulage trade, a car produced for William Hurlock saw him give the thumbs up for the production of a limited number of automobiles with the stock left over at the premises. With a new transmission and chassis supplied for car production, a new range was produced in limited supply, until the production had to cease in 1940 due to the onset of World War Two.

Classic Cars For Sale has AC cars for sale, and more AC Car information.

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Re-Charging Your Air Conditioner

By Levi Quinn

There are many automotive related things that you can easily take care of yourself at home for a fraction of the cost of having a pro do it. Re-charging your air conditioning is something that many people are not sure about. There is a common misconception that it should only be done by a professional but that is not always necessary. It can be done by anyone who knows what they are doing. It isn't all that difficult and takes less time than going to the shop.

You can re-charge your own air conditioning but there are a few stipulations. Vehicles that were made after the year 1994 generally have a R134 refrigerant installed. This is the kind that can be dealt with by you at home. Older cars often have a R12 refrigerant. For this you should see a pro that can do it for you or switch your system over so that it is R134. Don't take unnecessary risks by ignoring this. It's just not worth the hazard.

If you want to re-charge your own air conditioning unit, you must start off by having some proper eye wear. Safety glasses are important so that you don't get anything in your eyes. The chemicals involved in air conditioners could seriously harm your vision. You also will need refrigerant as well as a re-charge kit. You can most likely pick one up at your local auto parts store.

When you get your re-charge kit from the store, try to find one that has all in one. That way you will have everything that you need. Make sure that it comes with a pressure gauge so that you can test the pressure to be sure you don't overdo it. If you don't have a pressure gauge, you will need to get one before you start this.

Before you get started with re-charging your a/c unit, look it over for any obvious signs of damage or anything that appears to be leaking. An older car has a higher chance of air conditioner issues so make sure everything is functioning as it should be. When you are sure that it's safe to get started, follow the instructions that come in the kit you purchased. They are there for a reason so you should use them. Don't skip ahead, especially if you haven't done this before.

You absolutely cannot mix different refrigerants while you are re-charging your air conditioner. They are not all the same and to mix them could cause a serious problem. Read all labels carefully and make sure that you are using items that are made to be used on your car. This is very important to take note of. Using something that is not made for your car could cause damage.

Don't hesitate to confirm everything before you start. If you need some extra assistance, look for a step by step video online. There are many resources that provide such things. Re-charging your air conditioning unit doesn't have to be a chore. Follow instructions and you will be done in just a few minutes.

Find the best deal on the auto insurance coverage you need. Visit us today for money-saving tips and receive free quotes for cheap car insurance for young drivers from respected insurance companies.

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Uninterruptible AC Power Supply

By Ankit Oza

Power supply is generally referred to as a source of electrical power. It is a device or system that supplies electrical or other forms of an energy to an output load or group of loads and is known as power supply unit or PSU. The electricity primarily flows in two ways, namely AC or alternating current and DC or direct current. They are in-fact a movement of electrons along the conductor. The only variation among AC and DC lies in the direction, wherein the AC keeps the moving electrons in a switching manner, on the other hand DC is in a steady single track.

AC power supply is mainly used for long distance power transmission to different power companies. As high voltages are required to fill the transformer of those companies, AC power supply is needed where as, DC provide current on a small-scale basis.

AC power is nowadays used all over the world. AC power in reality reverses direction. In US, the current makes a complete cycle 60 times a second. There are several household in US that are wired for high power devices and operate at 240 VAC. The major benefit is that 240 VAC needs only half the current of 120 VAC for the similar power consumption which in turn curtails resistive power losses in the wires that deliver the current.

Why AC power supply is preferred over DC:

Alternating current posses the potential for large scale.

They can be conveniently and cheaply produced than DC potentials.

DC is still the ideal choice in the areas where the requirements are relatively lower such as, flashlights, mobile systems and car but commercial power plants still produce AC as they are quite cheaper and reliable.

Alternating current can be transformed into higher or lower potentials and even a transformer can enhance or reduce AC power supply to whatever value is needed for the job.

Amp-Line Corp.'s products include broadband solid state audio frequency and ultra-sound frequency RF power amplifier, power sources such, frequency converters and plasma power supplies.

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DC To AC Power Inverters

By Josh Riverside

Inverters are the essential step between a battery's DC power and the AC power needed by standard household electrical systems. In a grid connected home, an inverter connected to a battery bank can provide an uninterruptible source of backup power in the event of power failures, or can be used to sell extra alternative energy power back to the utility company.

A "DC to AC" power inverter, also termed DC to AC converter, electronically converts DC power from a battery to 60 hertz AC power at 120 volts like in homes. Batteries produce power in direct current (DC) form, which run at very low voltages but cannot be used to run most modern household appliances. Inverters take the DC power supplied by a storage battery bank and electronically convert it to AC power. An inverter used for backup power in a grid connected home will use grid power to keep the batteries charged, and when grid power fails, it will switch to drawing power from the batteries and supplying it to the building electrical system.

Most modern inverters also include over voltage and under voltage protection, protecting sensitive equipment from dangerous power surges as well. All the DC to AC power inverters requires a 12-volt input, but there is a wide range of models available in the market depending on the output wattage that they supply. A few of the most widely used models are 150 watts, 325 watts, 600 watts, 1500 watts and 3000 watts. The lower wattage, models can be directly connected to a cars cigarette lighter socket, while the larger ones must be directly wired to bigger batteries.

Typical applications for a DC-AC power inverter include microwave ovens, televisions, video recorders, computer and power tools and monitoring/communications equipment.

Power Inverters provides detailed information on Power Inverters, DC To AC Power Inverters, Emergency Power Inverters, Car Power Inverter and more. Power Inverters is affiliated with How to Replace a Circuit Breaker.

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